Certificate of Origin
A document that certifies in which country a product was manufactured. Needed to claim preferential tariff rates under free-trade agreements. Different FTAs use different certificate formats.
A certificate of origin proves where a product was made. It is the key document needed to claim a lower preferential tariff under a free-trade agreement. Without it — or without a valid substitute (such as a supplier declaration or REX statement) — goods pay the full MFN rate even if the product genuinely qualifies for a lower rate.
Non-preferential vs preferential. Non-preferential certificates (issued by chambers of commerce) just state origin — they're used for anti-dumping checks, licensing, and trade statistics. Preferential certificates unlock lower FTA duty rates and have specific formats and issuing rules set by each agreement.
Major certificate formats. EUR.1 (EU FTAs, UK FTAs — issued by customs or approved exporter), Form A / GSP certificate (for GSP preference, being replaced by REX), REX declaration (Registered Exporter statement on commercial documents — EU system replacing Form A), USMCA Certification of Origin (self-certified by exporter/producer — no government form), and CPTPP Origin Declaration (self-certified for CPTPP preference).
Approved exporter status. In the EU and UK, exporters who ship regularly under FTAs can apply for "approved exporter" or "authorised exporter" status, allowing them to self-certify origin on commercial invoices instead of using government-issued EUR.1 certificates. This removes the need to visit a customs office for every shipment.
Also searched: certificate of origin · co certificate · form a · eur1 certificate · preferential certificate of origin · gsp certificate of origin · declaration of origin
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