Excise Duty

A tax levied on specific goods — usually alcohol, tobacco, fuel, and certain vehicles — in addition to customs duty and VAT. Unlike ad valorem duty, excise is often specific (per litre, per unit, per kg).

Excise duty is an additional tax on specific, often regulated, product categories — most commonly alcohol, tobacco, fuel, and motor vehicles. Unlike customs duty (which only hits imports), excise applies to both imports and domestic production, making it a domestic consumption tax rather than a border measure. For international shippers, excise matters because it stacks on top of import duty and VAT and can dwarf the base customs duty.

Specific vs ad valorem excise. Most excise is specific — €0.82 per litre of wine in the EU, £28.74 per litre of spirits in the UK, $0.184 per gallon of petrol in the US (federal). This makes it predictable but means the effective rate (as a percentage of value) varies with price — it hits cheap products harder than expensive ones.

Vehicle excise in emerging markets. India, Malaysia, Brazil, and many other markets apply high excise duties on passenger cars, often scaled by engine displacement or price bracket. In India, excise (IPI in Brazil, excise duty in Malaysia) can exceed the customs duty itself — a 30% customs duty car may face another 25% excise, plus IGST at 28%. Total effective rates in these markets commonly exceed 100% of CIF value for imported CBU vehicles.

Excise in customs calculations. Sequence: CIF or FOB value → multiply by customs duty rate → add excise → total amount plus customs value becomes the VAT base. Getting this sequence wrong when calculating landed cost can significantly understate the true import cost.

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