GSP (Generalised System of Preferences)
A unilateral trade preference programme where developed countries give zero or reduced import duty to goods from developing countries — without reciprocity. Major schemes include the EU GSP, US GSP, and UK DCTS.
GSP (Generalised System of Preferences) is the system by which rich countries say "we'll give your exports a duty break — no FTA needed, no reciprocity required." It's an autonomous preference, granted unilaterally to developing economies to promote trade and economic development.
EU GSP tiers. Standard GSP: 0% or reduced duty for ~65 developing countries that are not already covered by an EU FTA. GSP+: additional preferences (effectively most goods at 0%) for countries that implement 27 international conventions on human rights, labour standards, environment, and governance. EBA (Everything But Arms): zero duty on everything except arms for 46 least-developed countries.
US GSP status in 2026. The US GSP programme has been politically unstable. It expired in December 2020 and has not been renewed as of mid-2026. Without an active GSP, goods from historically beneficiary countries (India, Thailand, Indonesia, Brazil) pay full MFN duty. Monitor USTR news for renewal — GSP retroactively covers importations during the lapse period when renewed, allowing duty refund claims.
Claiming GSP preference. In the EU, exporters must be registered under the REX (Registered Exporter) system and include a Statement on Origin on commercial documents. In the UK, a similar declaration-based system applies under the DCTS. Form A (the old GSP certificate) has been phased out by the EU but may still be required by some beneficiary countries. Proof of origin must be retained for 3–5 years.
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