Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ)

A trade policy mechanism that allows a set volume of imports at a lower (in-quota) duty rate. Imports above that volume pay a higher (out-of-quota) rate. Common for agricultural goods, steel, and textiles.

A tariff rate quota (TRQ) is the mechanism that lets a country say "we'll let in 200,000 tonnes of chicken at 5% — anything above that pays 35%." The in-quota rate creates real market access; the out-of-quota rate is usually high enough to be prohibitive. TRQs are how WTO members square bound duty rates with domestic-protection concerns, especially in agriculture.

How quota allocation works. TRQs can be allocated by: first-come-first-served (whoever files first gets the lower rate until the quota fills); import licences (governments issue a fixed number of licences in advance, often by auction or historical preference); or country allocation (the quota is split into country-specific sub-quotas under FTAs). First-come-first-served TRQs require constant monitoring — a quota can fill in hours when a low-duty window opens.

Section 232 TRQs. After the US imposed 25% steel tariffs in 2018, the EU, UK, Japan, and Korea negotiated arrangements that gave them country-specific TRQs — a set annual tonnage could enter at 0% additional Section 232 rate. The details of these arrangements have shifted over time; verify current status via the Federal Register and CBP.

EU TRQ management. EU TRQs are visible in the TARIC database. The European Commission manages them centrally; national customs authorities can access quota balances in real time. Once a quota reaches 0% balance, imports automatically shift to the out-of-quota rate.

Also searched: tariff rate quota · trq · tariff quota · import quota · trf quota

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